Prospective SEC chair discloses up to $327M assets with his wife
Former US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) member Paul Atkins disclosed combined employment assets of at least $327 million with his wife before a scheduled confirmation hearing with the US Senate Banking Committee.According to a financial disclosure report made public by the US Office of Government Ethics on March 25, Atkins and his spouse, Sarah Humphreys, held up to a combined $327 million worth of assets, in part through their respective stakes in the prospective SEC chair’s consulting firm Patomak Global Partners and Tamko Building Products. Sarah and her family members reportedly control a 75% stake in the roofing business founded by her grandfather.Atkins personally disclosed up to $78.8 million in total employment assets — many of them up to $15,000 each — between $25,000,001 and $50 million in membership interest at Patomak, between $250,001 and $500,000 in call options at the real-world asset tokenization platform Securitize, and between $50,001 and $100,000 at financial technology company Pontoro. If confirmed as an SEC commissioner, Atkins stated he would resign as CEO of Patomak and divest his membership interest, as well as divest his stock options at Securitize. The financial disclosure was made public before Atkins was scheduled to answer questions from US lawmakers in the Senate Banking Committee on March 27 for his nomination as an SEC commissioner. Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren, ranking member on the committee, called on Atkins to be prepared to answer questions related to his “deep involvement with FTX and other high-paying crypto clients.”Related: What to expect at Paul Atkins’ SEC confirmation hearingAtkins could also have some Republican allies on the committee and face some softball questions during his hearing. The prospective SEC commissioner previously met with Wyoming Senator Cynthia Lummis, who told Cointelegraph she expected he would “work quickly to provide regulatory certainty for the digital asset industry.”Conflicts of interest regulating digital assets?In addition to Atkins saying he would divest interests potentially causing conflicts of interest regulating the crypto industry, other government officials in the Trump administration have claimed to take similar steps. David Sacks filed a notice on March 5 suggesting that his venture capital firm sold more than $200 million in crypto and related stocks ahead of assuming his role as the White House AI and crypto czar.President Donald Trump also faces criticism from lawmakers and figures in the crypto industry due to his family’s involvement with the firm World Liberty Financial and the launch of his memecoin in January. Atkins’ March 27 hearing will mark the first time US lawmakers will consider his nomination since Trump put his name forward as a potential replacement to former SEC Chair Gary Gensler in December. Commissioner Mark Uyeda became acting chair of the agency following Gensler’s departure on Jan. 20.Magazine: Trump’s crypto ventures raise conflict of interest, insider trading questions
Waiting for altcoin season? Data suggests it’s already here
Few things in crypto are as elusive and misunderstood as the concept of an “altcoin season.” Traditionally, this term referred to a brief window — usually 2–3 months — following a Bitcoin (BTC) price rally, where altcoins outperform BTC in cumulative returns. That pattern held in the 2015–2018 and 2019–2022 cycles, but the verdict is not yet in on whether the current bull market has had its altcoin season. The Blockchain Center defines an altcoin season as a period when 75% of the top 50 altcoins outperform Bitcoin over a rolling 90-day timeframe. Its Altseason Index registered upticks in March 2024 and again in January 2025 — but neither lasted long enough to qualify as a full-fledged altseason.Altcoin season index. Source: Blockchain CenterSome analysts argue that memecoins drained liquidity from the broader altcoin market. Others blame the oversaturation of crypto investment products — particularly ETFs — which cater to institutions and spotlight only the largest altcoins. A third explanation calls for a deeper rethink of what altcoins actually are. Within this view, altcoins are perceived as a unified asset class but are a diverse collection of crypto assets with different functions, value structures, and growth potential.Memecoins stole the spotlightFor the crypto analyst Miles Deutscher, the launch of Pump.fun is directly correlated to the destruction of the altcoin market vs BTC.“The reason we’ve seen no major “altseason” across majors is because the speculative capital that would’ve once poured into top 200 assets, instead decided to jump the gun and flood into onchain low caps instead.”Deutscher notes that the early birds and insiders got insanely rich from this, but most retail investors who entered late lost. This was also the case in previous altcoin cycles. However, unlike 2022, where the losses were mainly limited to CEX altcoins with solid liquidity, they got stuck into illiquid onchain memecoins, which quickly retraced 70%-80%. This led to a “wealth destruction event greater than the early 2022 bear (LUNA aside),” even though BTC (and some majors) are still in a macro bull trend.Solana TVL vs Top 125 Alts (excl. Top 10). Source: Miles DeutscherPolitics in the United States added fuel to the memecoin craze. For example, President Donald Trump’s public embrace of memecoins sparked momentum — but the results quickly disappointed. TRUMP and MELANIA tokens have dropped 83% and 95%, respectively, since launching at the end of January, delivering another hit to retail sentiment.Related: Will new US SEC rules bring crypto companies onshore?Institutional investors and ETFs shifted the tideAnother factor impacting the strength of the current bull market’s altcoin season was the arrival of Wall Street. The launch of spot Bitcoin ETFs in January 2024 brought $129 billion in inflows as investors rushed into familiar structures with custody, regulation, and easy access. BlackRock’s IBIT became a dominant vehicle, and the introduction of ETF options in July 2024 added even more depth. Some analysts believe that the safety and scalability of spot BTC ETFs sucked capital away from speculative assets. With the ability to hedge through options and futures, the incentive to gamble on illiquid, low-volume altcoins diminishes significantly. But this explanation has limits. Crypto is not a zero-sum market — global liquidity is growing, and capital entering the space can flow in many directions. If anything, institutional demand could expand the total crypto pie.Furthermore, some altcoins already have their ETFs as well. Spot Ether ETFs debuted in July 2024 and have since registered a modest net inflow of $565,000, according to CoinGlass. Such a drastic difference in scale with spot BTC ETFs suggests that the ETF structure alone isn’t enough; investor conviction still matters.Altcoin’s function and their rallies became more nuancedThe term “altcoin” emerged when any non-Bitcoin token was novel. But in today’s ecosystem, the term lumps together wildly different assets: blockchain-native coins, governance tokens, stablecoins, memecoins, DApp tokens, and real-world asset protocol tokens — each with distinct functions and investor profiles. Just as it wouldn’t make sense to group gold, Nvidia stock, and the US dollar into a single index in traditional finance, it makes little sense to treat all altcoins as one unified category.A closer look at price action supports this idea. According to CoinGecko data, major altcoin categories have diverged sharply this cycle. Real-world asset (RWA) tokens surged 15x. GameFi, by contrast, lost half its market cap. This shows that narratives play a growing role in driving investors’ capital allocation decisions.Crypto categories market cap. Source: CoinGeckoEven core blockchain tokens have started to specialize. Ethereum remains the hub for DeFi. Solana dominates memecoins. Tron now holds second place in stablecoin transfers. ImmutableX is carving out its territory in the gaming space. In each case, token performance is increasingly tied to ecosystem activity. This means that we might want to abandon the term “altseason” and start to pay more attention to specific narratives within the crypto space.Altcoins aren’t moving as a pack anymore, and that might be the biggest signal of how the crypto market is maturing.This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.
Ripple will drop cross-appeal in SEC case, get refund from lower court ruling
Blockchain firm Ripple Labs’ case with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) may be officially wrapped up after more than four years, subject to court approval.According to a March 25 X post from chief legal officer Stuart Alderoty claiming what could be “the last update on SEC v. Ripple ever,” the executive said Ripple will drop its cross-appeal against the SEC in the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. An August 2024 judgment from the US District Court for the Southern District of New York finding Ripple liable for $125 million will essentially stand, but the SEC will keep only $50 million of the amount in escrow — the remaining balance will be returned to Ripple.“The agency will also ask the Court to lift the standard injunction that was imposed earlier at the SEC’s request,” said Alderoty. “All subject to Commission vote, drafting of final documents and usual court processes.”Ripple chief legal officer statement on latest development with SEC case. Source: Stuart AlderotyAlderoty’s announcement came less than seven days after Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse said the SEC would drop its appeal over the August 2024 judgment. At the time of publication, neither the SEC nor Ripple appeared to have made any filing in the Second Circuit since Jan. 31.This is a developing story, and further information will be added as it becomes available.
Berkshire-backed Nubank adds ADA, NEAR, ATOM to crypto offerings
Nubank, a Latin American financial bank backed by Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway, has expanded its crypto offerings by adding four altcoins to its portfolio. The bank is adding Cardano (ADA), Near Protocol (NEAR), Cosmos (ATOM), and Algorand (ALGO) to its 100 million clients in Brazil, according to a March 25 announcement. The four coins had a combined market capitalization of $34.6 billion at time of writing. Nubank’s revenue grew to nearly $3 billion at the end of 2024 from $245 million in the first quarter of 2021, Statista data show. The four additional coins will bring Nubank Cripto’s total coin offerings to 20. Currently, the platform’s customers can buy, sell and swap Bitcoin (BTC), Ether (ETH), Solana (SOL), USDC (USDC), and XRP (XRP).Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway has invested in Nubank multiple times. In 2021, Berkshire Hathaway invested $500 million in Nubank’s Series G funding round, an amount later followed by an additional $1 billion. From 2022 to 2024, Buffett’s company increased its ownership stake in Nubank to 0.4% from 0.1%.Nubank’s crypto push faces competitionNubank has been diving into digital assets since 2022, when it announced the allocation of 1% of net assets to BTC and started offering crypto services. In October 2022, the company revealed plans to launch its loyalty tokens on the Polygon blockchain. It discontinued the servicein 2024.Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of approximately $5.4 trillion in 2024, World Economics estimates. The country’s cryptocurrency market has experienced significant growth over the past few years, with stablecoins accounting for 90% of all crypto transactions. In January 2025, Binance became the first crypto exchange to secure a broker-dealer license to operate in Brazil. UK fintech Revolut has also entered the country’s crypto market.In 2024, Brazil led crypto trading volume in Latin America with $6 billion traded. The country’s lawmakers are currently considering allowing salary payments in Bitcoin.Magazine: Charles Hoskinson, Cardano and Ethereum – for the record
Bitcoin holds gains amid rising BTC ETF net flows, Coinbase premium and Trump tariff rollback
Bitcoin (BTC) price opened the week with strength, rallying to a daily high at $88,804, which was met by praise from analysts who have identified the $90,000 to $92,000 zone as the key price level to hit in the short term. The market found strength on March 24 after US President Donald Trump suggested that his April 2 “tariff number” announcement could be softer than expected after cars and microchips were removed from the list. According to Ben Yorke, the vice president of ecosystem at WOO, “The White House’s decision to walk back the threat of broad tariffs and to deploy a more targeted approach suggests Trump is wary of an economic backlash.” Proof of the market’s positive response to the tariff news can be seen in the increase in Bitcoin futures open interest, where the general assumption is that traders used leverage to open new margin-long positions. BTC/USDT 1-hour chart. Source: MacroCRG / X The return of the Coinbase Premium — a measure of the percentage difference between BTC price at Coinbase Pro and Binance — and a 7th consecutive day of spot BTC ETF inflows are also signs that spot demand is returning to the market and could signal an improvement in sentiment as Bitcoin’s last few weeks of price action had been defined by selling and the use of perpetual futures to drive price action within the current range. Bitcoin Coinbase premium index. Source: CryptoQuant Data from SoSoValue shows US spot Bitcoin ETF net flows of $84.17 million. Total spot Bitcoin ETF net inflow. Source: SoSoValueIs a rally to $100K back on the cards?While the return of the Coinbase premium and positive net flows to the spot BTC ETFs is a sign of improving sentiment, the question of whether the current bullish momentum has enough energy to push Bitcoin back above $100,000 remains unanswered. Lingling Jiang, a partner at DWF Labs, said, “We’re witnessing the alignment of both structural and narrative factors driving this upward trend of the movement of Bitcoin.”Jiang told Cointelegraph, “At the micro level, we can see a pattern: the resurgence of ETF inflows, the expanding stablecoin market, and breakout patterns across alternative cryptocurrencies collectively signal confidence and perhaps even renewed institutional participation. While market liquidity is strengthening, we notice that volatility remains subdued, and onchain metrics reveal long-term investors accumulating rather than divesting.”Related: Bitcoin sets sights on ‘spoofy’ $90K resistance in new BTC price boost From a technical point of view, Bitcoin continues to trade below the range that had defined its price action from November 2024 until February 2025. While the price trades above the 20-day and 200-day moving average, it remains capped at the descending trendline resistance, which is also aligned with the 50-day moving average ($89,500 – $90,000). BTC/USDT 1-day chart. Source: TradingViewAccording to independent market analyst Scott Melker, Bitcoin’s 4-hour relative strength index indicator has shown a “clear bullish trend, with a series of higher lows and higher highs.” In a March 24 X post, Melker said, “All of this preceded by [an] oversold RSI with bullish divergence at the bottom on daily and below. Which I was screaming about.” This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.
Brazil’s data watchdog upholds ban on World crypto payments
Brazil’s data protection agency has upheld its decision to restrict cryptocurrency compensation tied to the World ID project, citing user privacy concerns. The National Data Protection Authority (ANDP) rejected a petition by World ID developer Tools For Humanity to review its ban on offering financial compensation to users who provide biometric data through iris scans, the agency said in a March 25 announcement. ANDP will “maintain the suspension of the granting of financial compensation, in the form of cryptocurrency (Worldcoin – WLD) or in any other format, for any World ID created by collecting iris scans of personal data subjects in Brazil,” a translated version of the announcement reads. The company faces a daily fine of 50,000 Brazilian reais ($8,800) if it resumes data collection activities. Cointelegraph reached out to Tools for Humanity but had not received a response at the time of publication.World ID verification in Brazil was short-lived, with the ANDP banning data collection more than two months after it was launched in the country. Source: WorldcoinANDP’s investigation into World, formerly known as Worldcoin, began in November of last year amid concerns that financial rewards could compromise users’ ability to consent to offering sensitive biometric data. The controversial “World ID” is created when users agree to iris scans, which generates a unique digital passport that can authenticate humans online. As Cointelegraph reported, Tools For Humanity was ordered to stop offering services to Brazilians as of Jan. 25. Related: Blockchain identity platform Humanity Protocol valued at $1.1B after fundraiseRace for digital identity solution heats upAlthough World ID has run afoul of Brazilian law, the use of digital identification methods is growing in other markets due to the rise of AI deepfakes and Sybil attacks.The rise of bots and AI is also watering down online discourse on social media platforms such as X and Facebook. As Cointelegraph reported, up to 15% of X accounts are believed to be bots. Research from blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis also showed that generative AI is making crypto scams more profitable by enabling the creation of fake identities. Some companies are attempting to create digital identity solutions without triggering privacy concerns and regulatory crackdowns. Earlier this year, Billions Network launched its own digital identity platform that doesn’t require biometric data. The platform is based on a zero-knowledge verification technology known as Circom and has already been tested by major financial institutions such as HSBC and Deutsche Bank.Magazine: 9 curious things about DeepSeek R1: AI Eye
Cboe seeks approval for Fidelity's Solana ETF
Cboe BZX Exchange, a US securities exchange, has requested permission to list a proposed Fidelity exchange-traded fund (ETF) holding Solana (SOL), according to March 25 filings. The request now sits with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, which must approve the filing before trading of the Fidelity Solana Fund can commence on the exchange.This is the latest in a spate of filings with the federal agency by exchanges and fund sponsors seeking to launch ETFs holding SOL and other cryptocurrencies. On March 12, Cboe filed to list another spot SOL ETF sponsored by asset manager Franklin Templeton. Source: James Seyfart/Bloomberg IntelligenceRelated: Solana CME futures tip impending US ETF approvals — ExecNumerous filingsCboe’s filing comes after asset manager Volatility Shares launched an ETF using financial derivatives known as futures to track the performance of spot SOL. Launched in March, Volatility Shares Solana ETF (SOLZ) and the Volatility Shares 2X Solana ETF (SOLT) are the first ETFs providing US investors with exposure to Solana’s native token. The SOLT ETF tracks SOL’s performance with 2x leverage. Analysts at Bloomberg Intelligence peg the odds at 70% that US regulators approve a spot SOL ETF this year, according to a February post on the X platform. Other asset managers seeking to list spot SOL ETFs include Grayscale, VanEck, 21Shares, Canary and Bitwise, according to Bloomberg Intelligence.On March 17, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), the US’s largest derivatives exchange, launched SOL futures contracts. Experts say this is further indication that spot SOL ETFs will soon be approved in the US.Roughly a dozen asset managers are seeking the SEC’s approval to launch altcoin ETFs in the US. The proposed ETFs for altcoins range from Litecoin (LTC) and XRP (XRP) to Dogecoin (DOGE) and Official Trump (TRUMP).Issuers are also asking for the SEC to approve changes to existing ETFs, including allowances for staking, options and in-kind redemptions. The SEC eased its stance on cryptocurrency after US President Donald Trump began his second term in January. Under former President Joe Biden, the SEC brought upwards of 100 lawsuits against crypto firms, alleging various securities law violations. In 2024, the regulator greenlighted spot Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) ETFs but stymied proposed ETFs tied to other cryptocurrencies.Magazine: Memecoins are ded — But Solana ‘100x better’ despite revenue plunge
Tax season vs tax year: What’s the difference?
What is the tax year? When filing taxes, understanding the tax season and year is crucial for staying compliant and avoiding penalties. A tax year is the 12-month period in which your income, deductions and credits are recorded for tax purposes. This period is essential because it defines the timeframe for calculating all your earnings and tax liabilities. In many countries, the tax year aligns with the calendar year, which runs from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, but this is not always the case. Some countries and businesses may follow a fiscal year, starting and ending on different dates.The tax year runs from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31 in the United States. Any income you earn within that period is reported in the following year’s tax return. For instance, if you earned income between Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 2024, you would report that income in your 2025 tax return.While the calendar year is common, some businesses and countries use a fiscal year. For example, in the UK, the tax year for individuals runs from April 6 to April 5 of the following year. Similarly, many companies might follow a fiscal year, such as April 1 to March 31.Why tax year mattersTax year matters because of:Record-keeping: For accurate tax reporting, keeping track of your earnings, deductions and credits within the defined tax year is crucial. This ensures that you report the correct amount of income and claim eligible deductions or credits.Consistency in accounting: Whether for personal finance or business accounting, using a defined tax year helps maintain consistency in reporting and ensures that all financial transactions are aligned with the same period, simplifying financial analysis and tax compliance. What is the tax season? A tax season is the official window during which individuals and businesses file their tax returns for the previous tax year. This filing period can last a few months and is dictated by local tax authorities.In the US, tax season typically begins in late January and ends on or around April 15 (unless extensions or special rules apply). For example, if you earned income in 2024, you would file your tax return during the 2025 tax season, between late January and April 15, 2025. If you miss this deadline, you may be subject to penalties or interest charges unless you file for an extension.Why tax season mattersTax season is important because of:Compliance deadlines: Filing your tax return within the designated season is crucial to avoid penalties or interest charges. Tax authorities often impose fines for late submissions, and the longer you delay, the more costly the penalties can become.Paperwork and preparation: Tax season is also a time for taxpayers to gather necessary documents such as W-2 forms, 1099s and other income or deduction records. This period allows individuals and businesses to finalize their deductions, review tax laws and ensure all paperwork is ready for filing their returns. Proper preparation during tax season can help maximize deductions and minimize taxes owed.In the United States, the W-2 form is issued by employers to report an employee’s wages and the taxes withheld during the year, which is essential for completing individual tax returns. On the other hand, the 1099 form is used to report various types of income other than wages, such as income from freelance work or interest earned. The 1099 is typically provided by clients or financial institutions, and both forms are crucial for accurately filing taxes during tax season. Employers and payers must send these forms to employees and contractors by Jan. 31 each year.Key differences at a glance:Did you know? Some businesses and individuals may choose a fiscal year that doesn’t align with the calendar year. For example, a fiscal year could run from July 1 to June 30. Major countries’ tax years and filing windows Some countries follow the calendar year (e.g., the US, Canada, Singapore). Others use fiscal years or different periods (e.g., the UK, India, Australia, Switzerland), with varying filing deadlines and extensions based on local regulations.Different countries have varied start and end dates for both the tax year and tax season. Below is an overview of selected countries:Always verify deadlines with official government websites, as dates can change due to policy updates or extraordinary circumstances.Did you know? The IRS finalized regulations requiring brokers to report gross proceeds from digital asset sales starting in 2025 using Form 1099-DA. Crypto tax year and filing deadlines: What you need to know For cryptocurrency, the tax year and filing deadlines are often treated similarly to traditional assets. Still, the specifics can vary depending on the country and how cryptocurrency is classified (e.g., capital gains, income). Generally, the tax year for crypto follows the same period as traditional assets (e.g., Jan. 1 to Dec. 31 in the US and Canada) but with certain exceptions for crypto-specific rules, such as:Key considerations for crypto taxationTax year: Most countries align the crypto tax year with the calendar year, so if you trade or hold cryptocurrencies, your transactions from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31 are typically reported in your tax filings for the following year.Tax season and deadlines: Crypto-related tax filings are generally made during the same tax season as traditional assets. However, the complexity of crypto transactions (e.g., trading, staking, mining) may require additional reporting and documentation. For example:United States: Cryptocurrency gains are reported as part of your 2024 tax return (filed by April 15, 2025).United Kingdom: Crypto must be reported under the self-assessment system by Jan. 31 after the end of the tax year (April 6 – April 5).Special considerations: Different crypto transactions (like trading, staking or mining) may need to be reported separately, and some countries may have specific guidelines for capital gains, income from mining, or airdrops that must be disclosed in the tax filing. Additionally, cryptocurrency exchanges may send users tax documents like 1099-Ks or 1099-Bs in the US, similar to traditional financial assets.Crypto tax reportingMany countries are still updating their regulations to address the complexities of cryptocurrency taxation, so it’s essential to stay updated on national tax authority guidelines and any changes in cryptocurrency regulations.The table below provides a snapshot of the reporting requirements for crypto in the listed countries, focusing on how taxes are applied based on the type of crypto-related activity (capital gains vs. income).Also, please note that not all crypto transactions are taxable events. For example, transferring cryptocurrency between wallets or accounts you control is generally considered a non-taxable event, as it does not involve a change in ownership or a realization of gains. However, this can vary significantly from country to country. In some jurisdictions, even wallet-to-wallet transfers might require reporting if the transferred amount later influences the calculation of gains when a taxable event occurs. It is essential to consult local tax guidelines or a professional adviser to determine which transactions are exempt from taxation in your region Common mistakes to avoid while reporting crypto taxes Avoiding crypto tax mistakes requires meticulous record-keeping, accurate classification of gains and income and staying updated on tax regulations.Here are the common mistakes to avoid while reporting crypto taxes:Failing to report all transactions: Many taxpayers neglect to report every transaction, including small trades, staking rewards or airdrops, leading to discrepancies and potential audits.Confusing capital gains with income: Mixing up capital gains and income from crypto activities (like mining or staking) can result in incorrect tax reporting. Crypto earned through mining or staking may be considered income, not capital gains.Not keeping proper records: Failing to maintain a detailed record of crypto transactions (dates, amounts, exchanges used) can make it difficult to accurately calculate gains or losses, especially if trading on multiple platforms.Ignoring hard forks and airdrops: Some taxpayers overlook income from hard forks and airdrops. These are considered taxable income at the fair market value when received and must be reported.Not using the correct valuation method: Incorrectly calculating the value of crypto at the time of the transaction, especially during volatile periods, can lead to inaccurate tax filings.Underestimating foreign crypto income reporting: If you trade on foreign exchanges, you may need to report foreign accounts and income, failing which could lead to penalties under international tax reporting laws.Forgetting to report crypto-to-crypto transactions: Swapping one cryptocurrency for another is a taxable event in many countries, and failing to report these trades can lead to errors in your tax filings.Not considering taxation for DeFi gains: DeFi income from liquidity provision, yield farming, or staking can be complicated. Many taxpayers mistakenly assume these are not taxable, which leads to issues down the line. Countries with low or no crypto taxes (as of March 2025) Countries like Portugal, Singapore, Germany, Switzerland, and the UAE offer attractive, low or zero crypto tax environments for investors.As of March 2025, several jurisdictions continue to attract crypto investors with their favorable tax environments:Portugal: Renowned for its crypto-friendly policies, Portugal still exempts individual crypto capital gains for non-professional traders, making it a top destination for those looking to minimize tax liabilities on digital asset investments.Singapore: With no capital gains tax, Singapore remains an attractive hub for crypto investors. While personal trading benefits from this favorable policy, businesses engaged in crypto-related activities must adhere to standard corporate tax rules.Germany: Crypto held by private investors for more than one year is tax-free in Germany. This rule encourages long-term holding, providing significant tax advantages for investors willing to commit to extended periods.Switzerland: Switzerland’s tax system offers leniency for private crypto investors, as capital gains on personal investments are typically tax-free. However, income from crypto activities may be subject to taxation, and the specific treatment can vary by canton.United Arab Emirates (UAE): The UAE has emerged as a crypto-friendly jurisdiction by offering zero capital gains tax on crypto investments for individuals, attracting global crypto investors seeking a tax-efficient environment.These countries exemplify some of the most attractive tax regimes for crypto investors as of 2025, though regulations continue to evolve, so it’s essential for investors to stay updated on local guidelines.